@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400&family=Source+Serif+4:ital,opsz,wght@0,8..60,300;0,8..60,400;0,8..60,500;1,8..60,300;1,8..60,400&family=DM+Mono:wght@300;400&display=swap");.article-view-root{--ink:var(--color-navy);--ink-mid:var(--color-journal-primary);--ink-light:var(--color-textmuted);--ink-faint:var(--color-journal-border);--paper:var(--color-cream);--paper-warm:var(--color-journal-muted);--paper-deep:var(--color-journal-border);--accent:var(--color-rust);--accent-muted:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-rust) 18%,white);--gold:var(--color-gold);--gold-light:color-mix(in srgb,var(--color-gold) 15%,white);--rule:1px solid var(--color-journal-border);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75;margin:0 -1rem}@media (min-width:768px){.article-view-root{margin:0 -2rem}}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}.breadcrumb{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;padding:18px 40px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.7rem;color:var(--ink-light);letter-spacing:.04em;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;border-bottom:var(--rule)}.breadcrumb a{color:var(--ink-light);text-decoration:none}.breadcrumb a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.breadcrumb-sep{color:var(--ink-faint)}.page-body{max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 40px 80px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 280px;gap:60px;align-items:start}.article-view-root.article-view-fulltext .page-body{max-width:1280px;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr) 280px;gap:40px}.article-main{padding-top:24px;min-width:0}.article-left-rail{padding-top:48px;align-self:start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px}.article-left-block{min-width:0}.article-left-block--toc{position:sticky;top:var(--site-header-height,73px);z-index:2}.article-left-rail .sidebar-card{margin-bottom:0}.article-toc-card .article-toc-inner{font-family:"Source Serif 4",serif;font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.45}.article-toc{position:static;padding-top:0}.article-toc,.article-toc-inner{max-height:none;overflow:visible}.article-toc-inner{padding-right:0}.sidebar-empty-note{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink-light);line-height:1.5;margin:0}.sidebar-recommended-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px}.sidebar-recommended-link{display:block;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.45;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:color .15s ease}.sidebar-recommended-link:hover{color:var(--accent)}.sidebar-recommended-meta{margin-top:4px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-light)}.sidebar-related-group+.sidebar-related-group{margin-top:14px;padding-top:12px;border-top:var(--rule)}.sidebar-related-group-label{margin-bottom:8px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.58rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600}.sidebar-figures-all-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;max-height:420px;overflow-y:auto}.sidebar-figure-all-item{margin:0}.sidebar-figure-all-link{display:block;width:100%;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;color:inherit;border-radius:6px;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease}.sidebar-figure-all-link:focus-visible,.sidebar-figure-all-link:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.08);outline:none}.article-toc-toggle{display:none;width:100%;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;background:#f5f1ea;border:1px solid #d8d1c2;border-radius:6px;padding:10px 14px;font:inherit;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;color:#1a1611}.article-toc-chevron{transition:transform .2s ease}.article-toc-toggle[aria-expanded=true] .article-toc-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg)}.article-toc-list,.article-toc-list .toc-sublist{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.article-toc-list>li{margin:0}.article-toc-list .toc-sublist{margin:4px 0 8px 14px;padding-left:8px;border-left:1px solid #e6e2d8}.article-toc .toc-link{display:block;padding:6px 10px;color:#555049;text-decoration:none;border-left:2px solid transparent;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease,border-color .15s ease}.article-toc .toc-link:hover{background:#f7f3ec;color:#1a1611}.article-toc .toc-link--l3{padding-left:16px;font-size:.85rem;color:#6b6660}.article-toc .toc-link--active{background:#f1ebde;color:#a8341f;border-left-color:#a8341f;font-weight:600}.article-main :target{outline:none}.article-main :target:before{content:""}.article-journal-brand{margin-bottom:24px}.article-journal-name-box{display:inline-block;max-width:100%;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:clamp(.72rem,1.2vw,.82rem);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.35;color:#fff;background:#1d2a4d;border:1px solid #1d2a4d;border-radius:5px;padding:10px 18px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .15s ease,border-color .15s ease}.article-journal-name-box:hover{background:#16203b;border-color:#16203b;color:#fff}.article-volume-line{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:24px}.article-volume-line a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--accent-muted)}.article-volume-line a:hover{border-color:var(--accent)}.authors-inline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:0;margin-bottom:20px;border-top:var(--rule);border-bottom:var(--rule);padding:14px 0}.author-inline-item{display:inline-flex;align-items:baseline;gap:3px;margin-right:4px}.author-inline-name{font-family:"Source Serif 4",serif;font-size:.92rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--ink-faint);text-underline-offset:3px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .15s ease,text-decoration-color .15s ease}a.author-inline-name:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}.author-affil-sup{color:var(--accent);font-weight:500}.corr-star{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700;margin-left:1px}.author-email-icon,.author-orcid{display:inline-flex;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:4px;line-height:0;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-light)}.author-email-icon:hover{color:var(--accent)}.author-email-svg{width:13px;height:13px}.author-icon-img{width:16px;height:16px;display:block}.corresp-author-block{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:20px;line-height:1.55}.corresp-author-block a.corresp-email{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.corresp-author-block a.corresp-email:hover{text-decoration:underline}.author-sup{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.6rem;color:var(--accent);vertical-align:super;line-height:0}.author-icons{display:inline-flex;gap:4px;margin-left:4px;align-items:center}.author-icon{width:13px;height:13px;fill:var(--ink-light)}.author-sep{color:var(--ink-faint);margin:0 4px;font-size:.9rem}.affiliations-list{margin-bottom:20px;list-style:none;padding:0}.affiliations-list li{display:flex;gap:10px;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:8px}.affil-letter{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;color:var(--accent);font-weight:500;flex-shrink:0;width:14px;padding-top:2px}.dates-inline{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--ink-mid);line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:32px;padding:14px 18px;background:var(--paper-warm);border-left:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}.dates-inline strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.article-title{font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:2.3rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.22;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:22px;letter-spacing:-.01em}.doi-line{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--ink-light);margin:8px 0 12px}.doi-line a.ref-doi,.doi-line.doi-links a.ref-doi{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;word-break:break-all}.doi-line a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none}.doi-line a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.paper-status-notice{margin:0 0 28px;padding:14px 18px;border-left:4px solid var(--ink-faint);border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.55}.paper-status-notice-label{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.18em;margin-bottom:6px}.paper-status-notice-body a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.paper-status-notice--updated{background:#fef7e6;border-left-color:#c08400}.paper-status-notice--updated .paper-status-notice-label{color:#8a5e00}.paper-status-notice--withdrawn{background:#f0f0f0;border-left-color:#666}.paper-status-notice--withdrawn .paper-status-notice-label{color:#444}.paper-status-notice--retracted{background:#fbe9e7;border-left-color:#c62828}.paper-status-notice--retracted .paper-status-notice-label{color:#b71c1c}.paper-status-notice--early-view{background:#e8f4fd;border-left-color:#1565c0}.paper-status-notice--early-view .paper-status-notice-label{color:#0d47a1}.paper-status-notice--vor{background:#f1f8e9;border-left-color:#2e7d32}.paper-status-notice--vor .paper-status-notice-label{color:#1b5e20}.paper-status-notice--vor .paper-status-notice-body a{color:#1b5e20;text-decoration:underline}.section-rule{width:48px;height:3px;background:var(--accent);margin:0 0 20px;border:none}.section-heading{font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:14px}.abstract-block{margin:1.25rem 0 1rem}.keywords-block{margin:0 0 1.25rem}.article-body-flow{margin:0 0 1.5rem;font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55;text-align:justify;color:var(--ink)}.article-body-flow p{margin:0 0 .65em;text-indent:1.5em}.article-body-flow h2:first-child,.article-body-flow h3:first-child,.article-body-flow p:first-child{text-indent:0}.article-body-flow h2,.article-body-flow h3{text-align:left;text-indent:0;margin:1.1em 0 .45em;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif}.tab-fulltext-only{display:none!important}.article-view-root.article-view-fulltext .tab-fulltext-only{display:block!important}.article-view-root.article-view-abstract .article-left-rail{display:none!important}.article-view-root.article-view-fulltext .article-left-rail{display:block}.abstract-text{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8;color:var(--ink-mid);font-style:italic;border-left:3px solid var(--paper-deep);padding-left:20px}.keywords-block{margin-bottom:40px}.keywords-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.keyword-tag{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.04em;padding:5px 12px;background:var(--paper-warm);border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-radius:2px;color:var(--ink-mid);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:background .15s ease,border-color .15s ease,color .15s ease}a.keyword-tag:hover{background:var(--paper-deep);border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}.body-section{margin-bottom:40px}.body-text{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.85;color:var(--ink-mid)}.body-text+.body-text{margin-top:16px}.body-content{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.85;color:var(--ink-mid)}.body-content h2,.body-content h3{font-family:Playfair Display,serif;color:var(--ink);margin:1.4em 0 .6em}.body-content h2{font-size:1.35rem}.body-content h3{font-size:1.1rem}.body-content p{margin-bottom:1em}.body-content img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:1em auto}.body-content figure{margin:1.5em 0;text-align:center}.body-content figcaption{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--ink-light);margin-top:.5em}.body-content table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9rem}.body-content td,.body-content th{border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);padding:8px 10px}.body-content .paper-table-wrap{margin:1.5em 0;padding:0}.body-content .paper-table-label{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--ink-mid);margin:0 0 8px;text-align:left;line-height:1.45}.body-content .paper-table-label strong{color:var(--ink);margin-right:4px;font-weight:600}.body-content .paper-table-inner{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-radius:2px}.body-content table.paper-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;font-size:.9rem;background:#fff}.body-content table.paper-table caption{display:none}.body-content table.paper-table td,.body-content table.paper-table th{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--paper-deep);padding:8px 12px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;line-height:1.5}.body-content table.paper-table tbody tr:first-child th,.body-content table.paper-table thead th{border-top:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper)}.body-content table.paper-table tbody tr:last-child td,.body-content table.paper-table tbody tr:last-child th{border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--ink)}.body-content .paper-figure,.body-content figure.paper-figure{margin:1.8em auto;text-align:center;max-width:100%}.body-content .paper-figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:inline-block;border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-radius:2px;background:#fff}.body-content .paper-figure figcaption{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-top:.6em;line-height:1.5;text-align:left}.body-content .paper-figure figcaption strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;margin-right:4px}.body-content .paper-figures,.body-content .paper-tables{display:block}.body-content .figure-ref-broken,.body-content .table-ref-broken{color:#b3261e;font-weight:600;background:#fdecea;padding:1px 6px;border-radius:2px;font-size:.85rem}.oa-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;background:var(--gold-light);border:1px solid var(--gold);border-radius:3px;padding:8px 14px;font-size:.8rem;color:#7a5c10;margin-bottom:16px}.oa-icon{width:16px;height:16px;fill:var(--gold);flex-shrink:0}.references-block ol{padding-left:20px}.references-block li{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:12px;padding-left:6px}.references-block li::marker{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--ink-light)}.references-block--unnumbered .references-list{padding:0;margin:0}.references-block--unnumbered .ref-item.paper-ref-item{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-mid);padding:0 0 16px;text-indent:0;text-align:left}.references-block--unnumbered .ref-links-inline{display:inline}.references-block--unnumbered .ref-links-inline a{margin-left:6px}.article-divider{border:none;border-top:var(--rule);margin:40px 0}.article-context-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:12px 0 18px}.article-context-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;padding:5px 12px;border-radius:999px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);transition:background .15s ease,border-color .15s ease,color .15s ease}a.article-context-pill:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}.article-context-pill--issue{background:var(--paper-warm);color:var(--ink-mid)}.article-context-pill--section,.article-context-pill--special{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--accent) 8%,white);color:var(--accent)}.article-context-pill--type{background:var(--paper-warm);color:var(--ink-light);cursor:default}.article-access-actions{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.article-ref-manager{margin-top:16px;padding-top:14px;border-top:var(--rule)}.article-ref-manager-label{margin-bottom:10px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-light)}.article-ref-manager-actions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}.ref-manager-btn{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-height:76px;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease,border-color .15s ease,opacity .15s ease;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.ref-manager-btn:hover:not(:disabled){transform:translateY(-1px);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.16);box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ref-manager-btn:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed;box-shadow:none}.ref-manager-btn--zotero:hover:not(:disabled){border-color:rgba(204,41,54,.35)}.ref-manager-btn--mendeley:hover{border-color:rgba(155,27,32,.35)}.ref-manager-logo{display:block;width:auto;height:auto;max-width:100%;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.ref-manager-logo--zotero{width:52px;height:52px}.ref-manager-logo--mendeley{width:100%;max-width:118px;height:auto}.meta-v-link{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;word-break:break-all}.meta-v-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article-sidebar{padding-top:48px}.sidebar-card{background:var(--paper-warm);border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-top:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;padding:22px;margin-bottom:20px}.sidebar-card-title{font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mid);margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:var(--rule)}.stats-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:10px;margin-bottom:16px}.stat-box{text-align:center;padding:12px 6px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-radius:3px}.stat-num{font-family:Playfair Display,serif;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);line-height:1;display:block}.stat-label{font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--ink-light);display:block;margin-top:4px}.action-btn,.stat-label{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;text-transform:uppercase}.action-btn{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;width:100%;padding:11px;border-radius:3px;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;transition:all .2s;margin-bottom:8px;border:none}.btn-primary{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.btn-primary:hover{background:var(--gold);color:var(--ink)}.btn-secondary{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink-faint)!important}.btn-secondary:hover{border-color:var(--ink)!important;background:var(--paper-warm)}.cite-box{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);border-radius:3px;padding:12px;font-size:.65rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink-mid);position:relative;margin-top:10px}.cite-box,.cite-copy-btn{font-family:DM Mono,monospace}.cite-copy-btn{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;background:none;border:1px solid var(--ink-faint);border-radius:2px;padding:3px 8px;font-size:.6rem;cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink-light)}.cite-copy-btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}.journal-meta-item{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:var(--rule);font-size:.82rem}.journal-meta-item:last-child{border-bottom:none}.meta-k{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;color:var(--ink-light);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em}.meta-v{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}.scroll-progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:2px;background:var(--gold);z-index:200;width:0;transition:width .1s linear}.cite-links a,.ref-links a,a.ref-link{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;margin-left:6px}.doi-line a.ref-link{margin-left:0}.doi-line a.ref-link,.ref-body a.ref-doi,a.ref-doi{text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;font-size:.72rem}.ref-body a.ref-doi,a.ref-doi{word-break:break-all}.ref-links-secondary{display:block;margin-top:.35rem;margin-left:0}.ref-links-secondary a{margin-left:0;margin-right:10px}.doi-line.doi-links .ref-links-secondary{display:block;margin-top:.35rem}.cite-links a:hover,.ref-links a:hover,a.ref-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.ref-item{margin-bottom:16px}.ref-item.paper-ref-item{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.45;text-align:justify;padding:0 0 8px 2em;text-indent:-2em}.ref-body{margin-bottom:4px}.ref-cite-toolbar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px}.ref-cite-btn{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:4px 10px;border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink-mid);border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer}.ref-cite-btn:hover{border-color:var(--ink);color:var(--ink)}.cite-style-note{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink-light);margin-bottom:12px}.cite-format-tabs{display:flex;gap:6px;margin-bottom:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.cite-format-tabs--compact{margin-bottom:10px}.cite-format-btn{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:6px 12px;border:1px solid var(--paper-deep);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink-mid);border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer}.cite-format-btn.active,.cite-format-btn:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}.cite-box-text{white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.65rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0}.cite-box--sidebar{margin-bottom:12px}.cite-box--sidebar .cite-box-text{max-height:none;overflow:visible;padding:12px;margin:0}.cite-box-text--placeholder{color:var(--ink-light,#777);font-style:italic}.cite-sidebar-actions{display:flex;gap:8px}.cite-sidebar-actions .action-btn[disabled]{opacity:.5;cursor:not-allowed}.cite-sidebar-actions .action-btn{flex:1;margin-bottom:0}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figures-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 10px;position:relative;min-height:140px}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-slide{display:none}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-slide.is-active{display:block;animation:sidebarFigureFade .25s ease-out}@keyframes sidebarFigureFade{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(2px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-link{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-link:focus-visible,.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-link:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.08);outline:none}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-thumb{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;background:#f3f1ec;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-thumb img{max-width:100%;max-height:100%;display:block;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-meta{margin-top:8px;font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.45;color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-meta strong{color:var(--accent,#a8341f);margin-right:4px}.sidebar-figures-card .sidebar-figure-caption{color:var(--ink-light,#555)}.sidebar-figures-controls{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin-top:4px}.sidebar-figures-arrow{background:transparent;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);border-radius:4px;width:30px;height:28px;cursor:pointer;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);transition:background .12s,border-color .12s}.sidebar-figures-arrow:hover{background:rgba(168,52,31,.08);border-color:var(--accent,#a8341f);color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.sidebar-figures-counter{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ink-light,#555);font-family:DM Mono,monospace}.sidebar-figures-dots{display:flex;gap:6px;justify-content:center;margin-top:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.sidebar-figures-dot{width:8px;height:8px;padding:0;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.18);cursor:pointer;transition:background .12s,transform .12s}.sidebar-figures-dot:hover{background:rgba(168,52,31,.4)}.sidebar-figures-dot.is-active{background:var(--accent,#a8341f);transform:scale(1.2)}.collapsible-block.figure-flash,.paper-figure.figure-flash{animation:figureFlash 1.6s ease-out}@keyframes figureFlash{0%{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,0)}20%{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,.35)}to{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,0)}}.article-tabs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:20px 0 14px}.article-tab{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600;padding:12px 22px;background:#fff;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.18);border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;transition:background .15s ease,color .15s ease,border-color .15s ease,transform .1s ease}.article-tab:hover{border-color:var(--accent,#a8341f);color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.article-tab:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);outline-offset:2px}.article-tab.is-active{background:#1d2a4d;color:#fff;border-color:#1d2a4d}.article-tab.is-active:hover{background:#16203b;border-color:#16203b;color:#fff}.article-tab--action svg{opacity:.85}.article-share-wrap{position:relative;display:inline-flex}.article-share-menu{position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 8px);left:0;z-index:220;min-width:210px;background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(11,30,63,.14);padding:6px}.article-share-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.article-share-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;padding:10px 12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;background:transparent;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;text-align:left;transition:background .12s ease,color .12s ease}.article-share-item:focus-visible,.article-share-item:hover{background:var(--paper-warm);outline:none}.article-share-item-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:20px;flex-shrink:0}.article-share-item--linkedin .article-share-item-icon{color:#0a66c2}.article-share-item--facebook .article-share-item-icon{color:#1877f2}.article-share-item--twitter .article-share-item-icon{color:#000}.article-share-item--whatsapp .article-share-item-icon{color:#25d366}.article-share-item--copy .article-share-item-icon{color:var(--ink-mid)}.article-cite-wrap{position:relative;display:inline-flex}.article-cite-menu{position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 8px);left:0;z-index:220;width:min(420px,calc(100vw - 48px));background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 10px 28px rgba(11,30,63,.14);padding:16px}.article-cite-panel--dropdown .cite-box--dropdown,.article-cite-panel--dropdown .cite-format-tabs{margin-bottom:12px}.article-cite-panel--dropdown .cite-box--dropdown .cite-box-text{max-height:180px;overflow:auto;font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.45;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}.cite-sidebar-actions--dropdown{justify-content:flex-end}.article-view-root.article-view-abstract .article-main{padding-top:48px}.cite-card-flash{animation:citeCardFlash 1.8s ease-out}@keyframes citeCardFlash{0%{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,0)}20%{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,.4)}to{box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(168,52,31,0)}}.article-comments-section{grid-column:1/-1;margin-top:8px;padding-top:36px;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.article-comments-header{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:8px}.article-comments-header .section-heading{margin:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}.article-comments-count{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;min-width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;padding:0 8px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--paper-warm,#f5f0e8);font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink-mid,#5b6478)}.article-comments-intro{color:var(--ink-light,#5b6478);font-size:.92rem;margin:0 0 28px;max-width:62ch}.article-comments-subheading{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mid,#5b6478);margin:0 0 14px}.article-comments-compose{margin-bottom:36px;padding:20px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:8px;background:#fff}.article-comment-form-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px}.article-comment-field{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;margin-bottom:14px}.article-comment-field span{font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.article-comment-optional{font-style:normal;font-weight:400;color:var(--ink-light,#5b6478)}.article-comment-field input,.article-comment-field textarea{width:100%;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.16);border-radius:6px;padding:10px 12px;font:inherit;background:#fff}.article-comment-field textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:96px}.article-comment-field input:focus,.article-comment-field textarea:focus{outline:2px solid rgba(168,52,31,.35);border-color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.article-comment-form-actions{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:10px}.article-comment-form--compact{margin-top:12px}.article-comments-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.article-comment{list-style:none}.article-comment-body{padding:16px 18px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-radius:8px;background:#fff}.article-comment--reply .article-comment-body{background:var(--paper-warm,#fbf7ef)}.article-comment-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:8px 12px;margin-bottom:8px}.article-comment-author{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.article-comment-date{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--ink-light,#5b6478)}.article-comment-text{margin:0;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.article-comment-reply-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin-top:10px;padding:0;border:0;background:none;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent,#a8341f);cursor:pointer}.article-comment-reply-btn:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article-comment-replies{list-style:none;margin:12px 0 0 18px;padding:0 0 0 16px;border-left:2px solid rgba(168,52,31,.18);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.article-comment-reply-form{margin-top:12px}.article-comments-empty,.article-comments-status{color:var(--ink-light,#5b6478);font-size:.92rem}.article-comment-error{color:#b42318;font-size:.88rem;margin:0 0 12px}@media (max-width:700px){.article-comment-form-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article-comment-replies{margin-left:8px;padding-left:12px}}.article-toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:32px;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(20px);background:#1d2a4d;color:#fff;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:4px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.82rem;letter-spacing:.04em;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.18);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease;z-index:10000}.article-toast.is-visible{opacity:1;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)}.appendices-block,.author-bios-block,.back-matter-block{margin-top:30px}.bm-grid{display:grid;gap:18px}.bm-section{padding:16px 18px;background:#fbfaf7;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-left:3px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);border-radius:6px}.bm-heading{font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 8px}.bm-body,.bm-heading{color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.bm-body{font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0}.bm-body p{margin:0 0 8px}.bm-body p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.bm-labeled-block{margin-top:30px}.bm-labeled-body{padding:16px 18px;background:#fbfaf7;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-left:3px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);border-radius:6px;font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.bm-labeled-body p{margin:0 0 8px}.bm-labeled-body p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-find-in-page .article-find-row{margin-top:8px}.article-find-input{width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.14);border-radius:4px;font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);background:#fff}.article-find-input:focus{outline:2px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);outline-offset:1px;border-color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.article-find-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin-top:8px}.article-find-count{font-family:DM Mono,monospace;font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-light)}.article-find-nav{display:flex;gap:4px}.article-find-nav-btn{width:26px;height:26px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:3px;background:#fff;color:var(--ink-mid);font-size:.85rem;cursor:pointer;line-height:1}.article-find-nav-btn:hover{border-color:var(--accent,#a8341f);color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}mark.article-find-mark{background:#fff3b0;color:inherit;padding:0 1px;border-radius:2px}mark.article-find-mark--active{background:#ffd54f;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(249,168,37,.35)}.body-content a.citation-link,.body-content a.citation-node{color:#1a5fb4;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;transition:color .1s ease}.body-content a.citation-link:hover,.body-content a.citation-node:hover{color:#0b47a1;text-decoration:underline}.body-content a.citation-link:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1a5fb4;outline-offset:2px;border-radius:2px}.citation-hover-card{position:absolute;z-index:10001;max-width:380px;min-width:260px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.18),0 2px 6px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.08);padding:12px 14px;font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .12s ease}.citation-hover-card--visible{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}.citation-hover-divider{border:none;border-top:1px solid #eee;margin:10px 0}.citation-hover-text{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);margin-bottom:8px}.citation-hover-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.citation-hover-action{color:#1a5fb4;text-decoration:none;font-size:11px;font-family:DM Mono,monospace;border:1px solid #1a5fb4;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:2px}.citation-hover-action:hover{background:#1a5fb4;color:#fff}.citation-hover-missing{color:#c62828;font-style:italic;font-size:12px}.paper-ref-item:target,.ref-item:target,[id^=ref-]:target{background:#fff8e1;box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 #f9a825;transition:background .4s ease,box-shadow .4s ease}@media (max-width:1100px){.article-view-root.article-view-abstract .page-body,.article-view-root.article-view-fulltext .page-body{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}.collapsible-block{margin:18px 0;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-left:3px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);border-radius:6px;background:#fbfaf7;overflow:hidden;transition:background .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease}.collapsible-block[open]{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.04)}.collapsible-summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;padding:12px 16px;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink,#1a1611);-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;transition:background .12s ease}.collapsible-summary:hover{background:rgba(168,52,31,.04)}.collapsible-summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);outline-offset:-2px}.collapsible-summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.collapsible-summary::marker{content:""}.collapsible-summary-text{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}.collapsible-summary-text strong{color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.collapsible-chevron{flex:0 0 auto;margin-top:4px;color:var(--ink-light,#777);transition:transform .2s ease}.collapsible-block[open] .collapsible-chevron{transform:rotate(180deg);color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.collapsible-original-caption{position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;padding:0!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;clip:rect(0 0 0 0)!important;white-space:nowrap!important;border:0!important}.collapsible-figure .paper-figure,.collapsible-table .paper-table-wrap{margin:0;padding:14px 16px 18px;background:transparent;border:0;box-shadow:none}.collapsible-figure .paper-figure img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto}.collapsible-table .paper-table-inner{overflow-x:auto}.collapsible-block:not([open]) .collapsible-summary:before{content:""}.collapsible-block .collapsible-summary:after{content:"Show";position:absolute;right:38px;top:14px;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-light,#888);font-family:DM Mono,monospace;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s ease;pointer-events:none}.collapsible-block[open] .collapsible-summary:after{content:"Hide"}.collapsible-summary{position:relative}.collapsible-summary:hover:after{opacity:1}@media (max-width:700px){.collapsible-block .collapsible-summary:after{display:none}}.supplementary-block{margin-top:40px}.supplementary-block .supp-intro{font-size:.92rem;color:var(--ink-light,#555);margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.55}.supp-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;gap:12px}.supp-item{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:14px;padding:14px 16px;background:#fbfaf7;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-left:3px solid var(--accent,#a8341f);border-radius:6px;transition:background .15s ease,transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease}.supp-item:hover{background:#fff;transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.supp-icon{flex:0 0 auto;width:36px;height:36px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:6px;background:rgba(168,52,31,.1);color:var(--accent,#a8341f)}.supp-body{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}.supp-name{font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-weight:600;font-size:1rem;word-break:break-word}.supp-desc,.supp-name{color:var(--ink,#1a1611)}.supp-desc{margin-top:4px;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.5}.supp-meta{margin-top:6px;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ink-light,#777);font-family:DM Mono,monospace;letter-spacing:.02em}.supp-action{flex:0 0 auto;align-self:center}.supp-download{display:inline-block;padding:8px 16px;background:var(--accent,#a8341f);color:#fff;text-decoration:none;border-radius:4px;font-size:.86rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em;transition:background .15s ease,transform .15s ease}.supp-download:focus-visible,.supp-download:hover{background:#8a2a18;transform:translateY(-1px)}.supp-download--disabled{background:rgba(0,0,0,.12);color:rgba(0,0,0,.45);cursor:not-allowed;pointer-events:none}@media (max-width:700px){.supp-item{flex-wrap:wrap}.supp-action{margin-top:4px;width:100%}.supp-download{display:block;text-align:center}}@media (max-width:1100px){.page-body{grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}.article-sidebar{grid-column:1/-1;padding-top:0}}@media (max-width:900px){.page-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px;padding:0 24px 60px}.journal-header-inner{padding:12px 24px}.breadcrumb{padding:16px 24px}.article-sidebar{padding-top:0}.article-title{font-size:1.9rem}.article-left-rail{padding-top:20px;gap:20px}.article-left-block--toc{position:static}.article-toc-toggle{display:flex}.article-toc-list{display:none;margin-top:8px}.article-toc-list.article-toc-list--open{display:block}.sidebar-figures-all-list{max-height:none}.header-nav{display:none}}.article-view-root .abstract-back-matter,.article-view-root .abstract-landing-block{margin-top:2rem}.article-view-root .abstract-back-matter .bm-grid{display:grid;gap:18px}